19.0 SAFETY DEVICES Process equipment is designed to operate at a pressure at least 10% above maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP), and at temperatures much higher than normal operating temperatures. To ensure equipment integrity, a range of pressure relieving devices are available. 19.1 Pressure Relief/Safety Valves (PRV / PSV) All …
VALVES INTRODUCTION The most common mechanical device used in process operations is the valve. Valves are used to control the flow of liquids and gases in piping systems. A wide range of products, pressures, and temperatures are used in processing systems, so valves are made in a wide range of …
Deluge Valves are used in conditions that call for quick application of large volumes of water and, for that reason, are often integral components in fire protection systems. What are Deluge Valves?Deluge systems deliver large quantities of water, over a large area, in a relatively short period of time. They …
18.0 CHECK VALVES The check valve has a specific purpose, that is, to protect plant and equipment from the consequences of reversed flow conditions. If the flow does reverse, the pressure of the fluid will help to keep the valve closed. Check valves are usually installed in pump discharge lines …
Process analyser may be defined as an unattended instrument that continuously or semi-continuously monitors a process stream for one or more chemical components Most process analysers operate on the same basic principles as their laboratory counterparts but with the addition of mechanisms and circuitry to perform the required analysis unattended …
Crude oil flow meters, particularly those used for custody transfer, must be calibrated to satisfy the buyer, seller, and applicable government regulations. This is done by comparing the flow measured by the meter to a “known” value. Allocation and other meters should be “proven” periodically to assure that they are …
